Connections 101

Ball valve end connections define how the valve interfaces with the piping system, directly influencing installation method, pressure rating, maintenance access, and sealing integrity. The most common connection types are threaded (BSP/NPT), flanged (EN 1092 / ASME B16.5), welded (butt or socket), and clamped (tri-clamp or sanitary ferrule). Selection is governed by process pressure, temperature, media type, and service accessibility. From a procurement standpoint, the connection specification must align with the project’s piping class, dimensional standard, and corrosion allowance to ensure full compliance and mechanical compatibility across the system.

Threaded ball valves (BSP or NPT) are primarily used in small-bore, low-pressure applications such as instrumentation and utility lines. They are compact and easy to install but limited by thread leakage potential and torque transmission in high-pressure systems. Flanged ball valves—in both full- and reduced-bore designs—are standard in process and pipeline service where bolted joints simplify maintenance and replacement. The flange face type (RF, FF, RTJ) must match the mating pipe flanges to ensure sealing integrity under pressure cycling. For permanent, high-integrity installations, weld-end valves (butt-weld or socket-weld) provide leak-free joints capable of withstanding vibration and thermal stress, making them preferred in critical service or high-pressure steam systems.

In hygienic, food, or pharmaceutical service, clamp or sanitary connections are used for quick assembly and cleaning without thread or gasket dead zones. These connections typically conform to ISO, DIN, or ASME BPE standards, allowing interchangeability between manufacturers. Procurement engineers must carefully verify end type, size standard (DIN vs. ASME), pressure class (PN or Class rating), and material compatibility before issuing inquiries or purchase orders. Proper specification ensures that valves integrate mechanically and dimensionally with the piping system, reducing installation risks and ensuring long-term sealing reliability.